ABSTRACT
@#Virtual reality is an integrated technology which simulates the real world via the computer, with characteristics of immersion, interaction and imagination. It is widely used in neurological rehabilitation. Freezing of gait (FOG) is a destructive symptom which appears in late stage of Parkinson's disease, which can be divided into subtypes of moving forward with very small steps, leg trembling in place and total akinesia, and often results in fall and injury of the patients. Virtual reality can simulate the environment of FOG to provide a new idea for the assessment. Virtual reality combined with treadmill training can provide challenging functional training in a complex environment to improve the gait. How it works is remained unclear.
ABSTRACT
@#Dysphagia commonly occurs in Parkinson's disease (PD) at any stage, which may result in serious complications. The mechanism is uncertain. Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire (SDQ) and Munich Dysphagia Test-Parkinson's Disease (MDT-PD) are often used for screening dysphagia in PD patients. But Non-motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMSQ) and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) underestimate the severity of dysphagia in PD patients. Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Examination (VFSE) and Videoendoscoptic Swallowing Study (VESS) are the gold standards for the dysphagia. There is no systemic management yet. Interventions includes medication, deep brain stimulation, etc. Early diagnosis and management facilitate to decrease the complications.